SSC 230

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When doing research, it can be hard to find credible sources. 

Credible sources are defined as a source that is written by an expert, that is without error or bias. 

Articles and information found in a database or with Google Scholar are credible sources. Be aware of websites out there that look good but might have bad information. To determine if a site/article/journal is credible, use the CRAAP framework below.

Currency - the timeliness of the information

• When was the information published or posted?
• Has the information been revised or updated?
• Does your topic require current information, or will older sources work as well?
• Are the links functional?

Another thing to consider - does the website's copyright date match the content's currency?  Or is it just a standard range?

Relevance - The importance of the information for your needs

• Does the information relate to your topic or answer your question?
• Who is the intended audience?
• Is the information at an appropriate level (i.e. not too elementary or advanced for your needs)?
• Have you looked at a variety of sources before determining this is one you will use?

Authority - The source of the information

• Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor?
• What are the author's credentials or organizational affiliations?
• Is the author qualified to write on the topic?
• Is there contact information, such as a publisher or email address?
• Does the URL reveal anything about the author or source?

Note - to help answer Authority and Purpose questions, check out a website's About page

Accuracy - The reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content

• Where does the information come from?
• Is the information supported by evidence?
• Has the information been reviewed or refereed?
• Can you verify any of the information in another source or from personal knowledge?
• Does the language or tone seem unbiased and free of emotion?
• Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors?

Purpose - The reason the information exists

• What is the purpose of the information? Is it to inform, teach, sell, entertain or persuade?
• Do the authors/sponsors make their intentions or purpose clear?
• Is the information fact, opinion or propaganda?
• Does the point of view appear objective and impartial?
• Are there political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional or personal biases?

Note - to help answer Authority and Purpose questions, check out a website's About page.

More in-depth information on APA can be found on our APA page. For in-depth questions or to have us look over your APA citations, contact the library for help: library@methodistcollege.edu.